Before posting more about our project I thought I might cover some of the basics of neuroscience regarding the EEG (electroencephalogram) displayed below.

Brainwave Frequencies:
Each brainwave frequency points to a specific brain function shown in the image below. Each electrode picks up all of the brainwave frequencies. A problem is the received frequencies include frequencies from general interference and these need to be filtered out or blocked with some sort of Faraday cage, generally they are filtered out by the EEG’s software based on your country.

Parts of the brain:
Current neuroscience believes each area of the brain to control certain functions.
From Back to Front:
“The Occipital Lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.”  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_lobe
“The parietal lobe functions in processing sensory information regarding the location of parts of the body as well as interpreting visual information and processing language and mathematics.” -http://study.com/academy/lesson/parietal-lobe-definition-functions-quiz.html 
“The temporal lobe is involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex. The primary auditory cortex receives sensory information from the ears and secondary areas process the information into meaningful units such as speech and words.“ - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe
“The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem-solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behavior. It is, in essence, the “control panel” of our personality and our ability to communicate.” - https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/frontal-lobe/male
“The frontal pole is one of the three poles of the brain (along with the occipital pole and temporal pole), and corresponds to the anterior-most rounded point of the frontal lobe.“ It is the frontmost (anterior) part of the frontal lobe - https://radiopaedia.org/articles/frontal-pole
Nasal:
For more spacial resolution a nasal electrode can be used, which is an electron that is placed inside the nasal cavity. This is relatively rare from my knowledge. It is most commonly used in more accurately diagnosing epilepsy patients -  https://www.epilepsyresearch.org.uk/research_portfolio/recording-brain-activity-using-electrodes-placed-in-the-nose/
These areas are located as shown below:

How neurons work:
In certain conditions a neuron fires, this is called an action potential. An action potential is the rapid changing of charges (in the form of ions) that travel down the axon (like a cable for your body). Action potentials can be triggered by a number of things. Such as touch or any of your other senses, Chemicals in the brain, other neurons, or a direct electrical current (these are just a few).
Below is the graph of an action potential in humans, showing the voltage changes over time as the cell depolarizes then re-polarizes.

How an electrode gets a signal:
Any electrical current produces electromagnetic (EM) waves. The electrodes on the EEG are made to be extremely sensitive to these EM waves. The use of multiple electrodes can show what part of the brain signals are being sent and what kind. The more electrodes, generally the greater accuracy. Below are all the most common EEG electrode placements. The first letters represent each of the lobes explained above. 

Best EEG for us:
We decided that the Emotiv Epoc+ would be best for our project due to the locations of the electrodes, the price, and it has an API for processing which we are programming most of the project in. It is displayed below:

If you want to learn more about neuroscience yourself look at mcb80x.org

References:
http://www.measurement.sk/2002/S2/Teplan.pdf
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13534-016-0235-1